We are going to discuss the topic of "potty training" , that is, training to leave the diaper aimed at non-verbal children with autism spectrum disorders .

Because we know that it is a topic that worries you and often takes up a lot of your time, we are going to review this topic in depth in several blog posts.

In this first part we are going to review the most relevant points, step by step, to leave the diaper in a natural and comfortable way for the little ones . Let's start!

1. LEAVE THE DIAPER

Yes, it's about helping the little one leave ( not removing the diaper ). In fact, I take this opportunity to highlight that it is not about them learning to control themselves as such, but rather that this process is a maturation milestone , just like taking their first steps.

In other words, the child will leave the diaper when he is ready , regardless of the season of the year, when we want him to do it or when it is convenient for us. It has nothing to do with our moment, but with yours.

For different reasons, many parents are forced to start the "diaper operation" in the first summer after their child turns two years old, whether due to social, family or preschool pressure, so that they enter without diapers.

But be careful, you don't have to give in to pressure .

As we know, the maturation and development of children with autism varies from one child to another , and can change a lot in a short time, especially in the first years of life . It is very important to respect their maturation process , so agree with the nursery school and also with your therapists to follow the same line when it comes to removing the diaper.

Our little one should not feel pressured, but rather understood and cared for by the adults around him, which is why the decision to " remove the diaper " must be made consistently, taking into account his moment , not ours.

2. WHEN SHOULD YOU LEAVE THE DIAPER?

A typical child will grow out of a diaper between 18 months and 4 years . In children with ASD, SLI and comprehension and communication problems, the difficulties are added... In fact, most children with ASD learn to urinate and have bowel movements in the bathroom later than other children.

Each child with ASD is unique , there is no doubt about that, however, these little ones usually also have some common problems that can delay or make the process of preparing to leave diapers difficult.

Knowing these problems will help you think of various ways to meet your child's needs, so let's look at the most common ones:

• Physical factors: In some cases, there may be physical or medical reasons that make it difficult to use the bathroom. It is essential to discuss these issues with your child's pediatrician, as there are already related motor disorders that can influence this process.
• Language difficulties: Children with autism spectrum disorder often have difficulty understanding and expressing themselves verbally. You should not wait for an autistic child to ask to go to the bathroom, you should learn to understand their needs through non-verbal communication.
• Clothing: It is quite common for children with ASD to find it difficult to lower or raise their pants independently, at least at first.
• Fears: Some children with autism may be afraid of sitting on the toilet or the sound of flushing the toilet. In this case, it is advisable to introduce a visual program and make bathing part of the child's daily routine to help reduce these fears.
• Lack of body awareness: Some children with ASD may not be aware that they have to use the bathroom, or that they have wet or soiled their clothes. This problem is often associated with sensory problems.
• Need for consistency (that is, routine): It is also common for children with autism spectrum disorder to develop their own way of urinating, toileting or having a bowel movement. It may be difficult for them to learn another new way.
• Use of different toilets: Using the bathroom in places they are not used to (for example public bathrooms) takes them out of their routine, which makes it difficult for them to use it.

In short, it is necessary to identify the added problems to know the basis we have , in order to be able to establish “Visit Training” or “Programmed Training” that allows children to learn to use the bathroom alone without imposing other tasks on them. requirements .

3. SPHINCTER CONTROL

Before starting this topic, it is necessary to clarify some concepts, such as what sphincters are.

Well, they are those circular or ring-shaped muscles that allow the passage of a substance from one organ to the other through a tube, and are essential for maintaining control over the elimination of waste and other bodily processes.

So when we talk about sphincter control in children , we are referring to the process of helping them learn to voluntarily control the functioning of the anal sphincter (of the bum) responsible for defecation, pooping, and the urethral sphincter , which is responsible for controlling and holding pee or urine.

That said, it must be clear that sphincter control in children with ASD requires an individualized approach , adapted to the age and specific needs of each child.

Communication, visual structure, routine and support are key elements in this process.

4. SPHINETHER CONTROL IN CHILDREN: THE IMPORTANCE OF MUSCLE TONE

Muscle tone seems to be an element far removed from appropriate practices to help a child leave diapers, however it is not. Musculature is a point of great importance that is often overlooked .

In this sense, it is essential to understand the functioning of the bladder muscles. Although it may seem surprising, its function differs from most muscles in the body.

While in other muscles we use pressure to grasp and relaxation to release, in the case of the detrusor musculature involved in bladder control it has to contract to retain pee, and there is my first note, muscle tone is a essential prerequisite for sphincter control .

Low muscle tone can be a factor against the development of these muscles, which, in turn, has an impact on sphincter control.

Therefore, it is of utmost importance to evaluate and consider the muscle tone of our children. In addition, it is advisable to complement it with sports activities that strengthen areas such as the abdominals, glutes and pelvic floor , since these practices can enhance the physiological development of the muscles involved in this process.

5. A RELAXING ENVIRONMENT IS KEY

In another order of ideas, taking into account that, to a large extent, for sphincter control to occur and our child to pee in the toilet it is necessary for him to be relaxed, it is essential that the environment, the bathroom and the toilet become in a space of tranquility, free of fear and stress.

Relaxation is a fundamental factor in making our children feel comfortable when doing their business in the bathroom. Here are some ideas to create a relaxed atmosphere:

• Paint the bathroom walls in soft, relaxing colors, such as shades of light blue or pastel green, that convey a feeling of calm.
• Use soft, diffuse lighting instead of bright, direct lights.
• Sometimes it can be helpful to have relaxing music or soft nature sounds to create a calm environment.
• Scented candles or essential oil diffusers with relaxing scents can also be helpful.
• Make sure the toilet and potty seat are comfortable and suitable for your little one.
• Establish a predictable routine for bathroom visits so the child knows what to expect.
• Positively reinforce the desired behavior with praise and rewards when your child uses the bathroom.

Creating a relaxing environment is essential to encourage the necessary relaxation in our children and enable them to use the toilet successfully.

7. HABITUATION TO THE USE OF THE SINK

Once we have understood the muscular process involved and visualized what our child must do to urinate and retain it, and after having evaluated and strengthened the muscle tone necessary for our muscles to work in our favor in this process, we arrive at the crucial moment. : It's time to start getting used to sitting on the toilet!

The effectiveness of this process depends largely on the comfort of the child. You have to make sure that the little one is sitting comfortably , with a stool for his feet and an adapter that reduces the hole so that he does not have to hold on and put pressure with his little arms to avoid falling through the hole in the toilet, which can generate a state contrary to relaxation.

The first step in this habituation process is to give the receptive instruction "let's go to the bathroom." We take the child's hand and take him to the bathroom, open the lid and sometimes sit him down even when he is dressed. The goal is for the child to get used to sitting in a relaxed and controlled manner for a few seconds.

It is important to remember that when working with non-verbal children or children with communication difficulties, precision in verbal communication is essential . All our verbal communication has to be very precise , that's why we say "let's go to the bathroom" and not "let's pee."

At least it should be like that until we get him to pee for the first time and be able to visually and experimentally understand what a pee is, and thus connect the concept. This precise approach is of great importance and will significantly increase the effectiveness of the learning process .

8. ESTABLISHING A VISUAL ROUTINE

Visual aids are a great help for children with autism to memorize and understand the process they are about to learn.

For this reason, it is recommended that they have a "photo sequence" that allows them to clearly visualize and understand each step of the process. I give you some examples:

1. Let's go to the bathroom.
2. We lower our pants.
3. We lower the underwear.
4. We sat on the toilet.
5. Once we have peed, we take paper or a towel to clean ourselves.
6. We upload the underwear.
7. We upload the clothes.
8. We pull the chain.
9. We wash our hands.

Additionally, it is important to have a visual panel on the mirror or near the sink that reflects each step of the handwashing process:

1. Pour soap.
2. Open the tap.
3. Soap your hands.
4. Put your hands under water.
5. Close the tap.
6. Dry your hands with a towel.
7. hands :

It is essential to understand that we are teaching an extensive process, but it is very important that our children learn each step individually and progressively. This means that if the child is gradually incorporating the aforementioned habits but still cannot pee, we will stop the learning process at that specific point .

That is, if there is no pee, we will not flush the toilet, we will not wash our hands, and we will not continue with the subsequent steps.

We must focus on the skill we are working on at that moment and move forward step by step.

The child may resist doing the steps at first, as they may associate bathing with different activities, such as showering or washing their hands. Therefore, we must introduce this new routine gradually , first exposing them to familiarization with the toilet, the act of sitting and other new elements that will be incorporated.

9. CHANGE A DIAPER IN THE BATHROOM

Once we have successfully completed the habituation phase , each at our own pace and adjusting each stage according to the individual needs of our child, we can begin to incorporate diaper changing into the bathroom area.

At this point, we have prepared the child and passed the initial habituation phase, in which the child becomes familiar with the process of going to the bathroom, lifting the lid, sitting on the toilet, even with clothes, and is able to wait about three seconds without stress. Now, we are ready to take the next step that will bring us closer to the final goal: pee in the toilet.

Once we have put the child on the stool, we will proceed to remove the diaper and sit him in the bowl, this time without clothes . In this phase, it is essential to begin introducing defined time limits while the child sits and waits. We can use numbers or songs to set a limited time.

The objective of introducing the time limit is to convey to the child that we have not taken him to the bathroom to leave him there indefinitely or until he protests . Gradually, we will lengthen these waiting periods, adapting them to the child's abilities and pace. This may involve adding more numbers to the count or gradually lengthening the wait time .

This strategy will help the child acquire the habit of going to the bathroom calmly and patiently . If the child does not pee during this time, we will pick him up, replace the diaper, and leave the bathroom.

It is not advisable to teach the child to throw the dirty diaper in the trash or to dispose of diaper waste in the toilet at this stage . This is because children can sometimes cling to the diaper as a source of comfort and may resist giving up certain habits. Therefore, we avoid teaching these intermediate steps that could generate unwanted behaviors in the diaper removal process.

10. ESTABLISHING ROUTINE SCHEDULES

We will establish regular habits , such as peeing when we wake up, before leaving the house, when returning from the street or before going to bed. It is very useful to facilitate the process of toilet training and, finally, giving up diapers.

We must incorporate logical routines so that our child gets used to going to the bathroom in a predictable way at every certain time , which is not three hours but not every 15 minutes.

It is also important to take into account the physiological and organic behavior of our children , both in peeing and pooping. Keeping track of the times when he poops regularly, the times when he drinks the most water and pees the most will help us set more appropriate schedules and achieve success more quickly.

AIDS TO FACILITATE THE PROCESS OF LEAVING THE DIAPER

If after everything we have said: the space, the objects, the moments, the actions... your child still cannot pee in the toilet, do not be discouraged. We have not yet exhausted all the help you can offer to help him make the transition from diaper to bath .

In this section we are going to review some effective strategies to stimulate the specific moment of peeing, in order to allow a more realistic and graphic experience in the learning process.

Prior to and in parallel with this work, to strengthen awareness of what is happening, we can facilitate the transition to the toilet by using diapers that do not absorb as much , with cloth diapers being an ideal option. This will allow the child to feel the humidity and, on a sensory level, become aware of their need to change due to discomfort .

On the other hand, to facilitate this learning process, make sure to put him in clothes that are easy to put on and take off , such as pants with elastic at the top. Avoid as much as possible jeans, button-down pants, bodysuits and dungarees that are difficult for the child to remove.

Panty diapers are very convenient when you start to grow out of diapers. Furthermore, as in any learning process, it is important to be consistent in routines and know how to wait topromote autonomy .

If we want to prepare him, we can use everything from guided play to stories to show him the functionality of the toilet and what we expect him to do in it . All of this has to be done in advance, nothing in the two weeks prior to running, it's about going at your own pace, not imposing an unnatural pace.

HELP FOR SPECIFIC MOMENTS

Using a glass of water

You will be well aware of the fact that often when we bathe our children, they tend to pee. This usually happens for two main reasons: temperature change and contact with water.

It is a physiological response. Contact with water can influence the relaxation of the body's muscles , we can use this physiological response to our advantage, and this is where the trick of the small glass of water comes in.

To facilitate and stimulate this process, we can use a small glass of warm or lukewarm water and pour it over the child's navel . This small stimulus can help trigger urination more effectively.

Relaxation exercises

Another useful strategy involves performing relaxation exercises while the child is on the toilet . We can use a feather, do breathing exercises, gently tickle or even sing a song...

Now, at this point I would like to make several things clear...

Many parents ask me if tablets can be used right now, and the answer is, yes. As long as it diverts it from the main objective, which is to achieve relaxation. If the child can relax and feel calmer with the help of a tablet, there is no problem in introducing it in this context .

In fact, it can be beneficial to help the child wait patiently and reduce the tension of the moment. This is similar to how many people read or use their mobile devices while in the bathroom.

So far we finish the first article related to the big step of leaving diapers and starting to get into the routine of going to the bathroom for our non-verbal children .

In a few days, you will have the second part.